The Present Perfect Tense

3. The Present Perfect Tense                            

The Present Perfect Tense secara umum dapat Anda gunakan bila Anda telah rampung melakukan sesuatu sehingga terdapat hasil dari kegiatan tadi. Begitu juga bila Anda ingin mengungkapkan peristwa yang telah sempurna terjadi dan terasa hasil dan akibatnya. 

Dalam tenses ini terdapat kata keterangan already (= sesuatu terjadi lebih cepat dari dugaan semula), just (= baru saja), yet / already (= sudah), since (= sejak / semenjak), for (= selama) yang acapkali terdapat kalimat ini. 

Kata bantu have digunakan untuk subyek: I, you, we, they atau bersubyek kata benda jamak. Sedangkan has untuk subyek: he, she, it atau bersubyek kata benda tunggal. Bentuk contracted (= penyingkatan ) I have = I’ve, you have = you’ve, we have = we’ve, they have = they’ve, he has = he’s, she has = she’s, it has = it’s atau have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t sering kita temukan di dalam kalimat.
 

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + have/has + V3 + O/Adv.  
(-)  S + have/has + not +V3 + O/Adv.  
(?) Have/ Has + S + V3 + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Present Perfect Tense untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang telah / belum sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan, tanpa menyebutkan waktu kejadiannya.

a. She has cleaned has floor.
b. I’ve heard John married to Jane.
c. You haven’t done your homework yet.
d. Have we met her before?
e. MR. LEWIS: Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Marcos is going to answer your questions. He always has a lot of interesting information for sports writers.   
 MR. ERIE: Mr. Marcos, you have played soccer in many countries, but have you ever played in Iceland?
MR. MARCOS: I’ve been there several times, but I’ve never played soccer there.                MS. JONES: Have you ever thought of starting a new soccer club?           
MR. MARCOS: No, I haven’t. I’ve never wanted to do that.           
MS. HANNA: You’ve been to many countries with your team. Have you ever been to China?                                 
MR. MARCOS: Yes, I have. I went there last year.           
MS. HANNA: Did you enjoy it?           
MR. MARCOS: Yes, I did. I enjoyed it very much.           
MR. AHMAD: Have you ever heard of our community’s new soccer club? You my find some good players there.           
MR. MARCOS: Yes, I have. In fact, I watched them practice last week.           
MR. AHMAD: Have they found a new coach?           
MR. MARCOS: Yes, they have. He’s a good coach, too. I’ve know him for many years.           
MR. RICARDS: Have you ever broken an arm or leg in competition?           
MR. MARCOS: No, I never have. However, I’ve had a few other injuries.           
MS. MIKUYU: Mr. Marcos, you’ve been a member of the national soccer                                     team for many years. Have you ever wanted to try a new job?            
MR. MARCOS: No, I haven’t because I’ve always really enjoyed my work.


ii. memberikan informasi baru atau mengumumkan peristiwa yang baru saja terjadi.

a. I’ve lost my key. Can you help my look for it.
b. Do you know about Jim? He’s gone to Canada.
c. Ouch! I’ve burnt my self. They have made up their mind to stay here much longer.
d. LUIS: Have you seen Yuri  this week, Charlie?
CHARLIE: No, I haven’t. He hasn’t come to any…                                                             
LUIS: What’s wrong? Has he been sick?                                                                   
CHARLIE: Yes, he’s had the flu. 
LUIS: Has he gone to the doctor? 
CHARLIE: No, he hasn’t gone to the doctor, and he hasn’t taken any medicine. He’s getting better, I think.    
LUIS: Well, I’m glad. We really need him for the team. He’s already broken two records in competition this year! He’s really a fast swimmer.


iii. menyatakan perbuatan yang belum atau belum pernah dilakukan selama sesuatu periode atau hingga sekarang.

• I have never smoked.
• I haven’t smoked for three years.
• I haven’t smoked since September.
• He hasn’t been here for two years.
• Jill hasn’t written to me for nearly a month.
• Jill has never driven a car.
• Riri has never heard that music.

iv. menyatakan sesuatu hasil kegiatan atau pengalaman di masa lampau.

• I’ve ever left a restaurant without paying the bill.
• Have you ever ridden a camel?
• Have you (ever) read ‘David Copperfield‘?
• Have you ever lost a new hat?
• Has Nurhayati ever gone to school late?
• Has your partner ever made mistake? 

EXERCISES 
 
I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A, B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)    

1. They (are) in the classroom since three hours ago.         
A. They are in the classroom since three hours ago.         
B. They were in the classroom since three hours ago.         
C. They has been in the classroom since three ago.         
D. They have been in the classroom since three hours ago.         
E. They had been in the classroom since three hours ago.                          

2. Tom has had lunch since three minutes ago.         
A. Who has had lunch since three minutes ago?         
B. When has he had lunch?         
C. Where has he had lunch since three minutes ago?         
D. What has he had since three minutes ago?         
E. How has he had lunch since three minutes ago?                        

3. How long … Thomas?         
A. you know                         C. have you know              E. have you knew         
B. has you know                    D. you known                                  

4. She … already put her magazine in the drawer?         
A. is                 B. was            C. will              D. can             E. has                                  

5. They … just told me about study tour.         
A. have              B. are              C. were             D. may          E. would                             

6. Where have you …?         
A. were               B. go              C. been            D. be             E. are                                 

7. We have worked here … 1979.         
A. ever              B. since      C. for                D. ago           E. in                             

8. I have been in my office … twenty minutes.         
A. before          B. always        C. since        D. for        E. ever     

9. I have known these people … a long time.         
A. before               B. since                 C. for                 D. ever           E. at                                   

10. Carlos hasn’t gone to the restaurant…             
A. just                  B. yet             C. almost           D. never         E. already                         

11. Where’s Linda? She’s…to the restauarant.            
A. gone         B. went        C. be        D. been       E. have lived      

12. The johns…to Australia already.            
A. has gone   B. have worked   C. has lived   D. have gone   E. have lived      

13. Manager…the tax already.           
A. has pay   B. have paid  C. has celebrated  D. have done   E. has paid         

14. My family…just…to other city.           
A. has-moved      B. have-talked     C. has-lived    D. has-tried    E. has-known     

15. Has she seen music show?           
A. Yes, she has.                     C. No, she has.                    E. Yes, he has.           
B. Yes, she hasn’t.                 D. No, she doesn’t.                         

16. Have you played volley ball around the beach? No, ……..           
A. I haven’t played it there.   C. I didn’t play it there.    E. You haven’t played            
B. I have played it there.       D. I played it there.               it there.       

17. …Gerry already…coffe in the cafeteria?           
A. Has-drunk    B. Drunk-has    C. Have-drunk    D. Has-drank   E. Has-drinked     

18. My sister has already worked for this company….twenty years.           
A. on                B. in                 C. for                 D. at            E. since                   

19. He in the worst student she…ever… .           
A. has-have      B. have-had    C. has-had    D. is-had    E. was-have              

20. Who has already written a poem?            
A. John is    B. John has    C. John does    D. John did    E. John was  


II. You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form. (Anda sedang menulis surat untuk seorang teman dan memberikan kabar orang-orang yang Anda berdua kenal. Gunakan kata-kata yang diberikan dan masukkan bentuk kata kerja yang tepat.)     

Example:     Phil/find a new job     Phil has found a new job.     

1. Charles/go/Brazil         …………………………………………..     
2. Jack and Jill/decide/to get married         …………………………………………..     
3. Suzanne/have/a baby         …………………………………………..     
4. Monica/give up/smoking         …………………………………………..     
5. George/pass/his driving test         …………………………………………..     


III. Use the correct form of the verb. (Gunakan bentuk kata kerja yang tepat.)     

1. I’ve …….. (take) the bus to school every day this week.     
2. Have you……. (have) the flu yet?     
3. Luis has…….. (do) his homework.     
4. She has……. (be) sick, but she hasn’t taken any medicine.     
5. Luis has just……. (break) a record.   

 
IV. Complete the sentences. Use for or since. (Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat. Gunakan for atau since.) 

1.  I’ve lived in this town………March.      
2. My friends have lived here……….many years.      
3. The exhibition has been open…..…nine o’clock.      
4. Paul hasn’t called me….…….last week.      
5. The students have studied Spanish…………two years.                      

 
V. Make the following sentences according to the given mark! (Buat kalimat-kalimat berikut ini sesuai dengan tanda yang diberikan.)     

Example:                

Tom has called me several times. (-)                
Tom hasn’t called me several times.     


1. All the students have discussed the problem. (?)
     ………………………………………………………     

2. My brother has just paid the radio tax. (-)         
    ………………………………………………………     

3. Everyone has heard the news before. (?)     
    ………………………………………………………

4. He has withdrawn his money from the bank . (-)           
    ………………………………………………………     

5. We have seen her standing under the tree.         
    ………………………………………………………     

6. The old man has just stopped smoking. (?)         
    ………………………………………………………     

7. They have taken part in the game. (-)          
    ………………………………………………………     

8. The breeder has just fed his cattle. (?)         
    ………………………………………………………     

9. The woman has lived in this city since 1977. (?)            
    ………………………………………………………     

10. Mrs. Hasan has been here for ten years. (-)                
      ………………………………………………………

 

This is the end of The Present Perfect Tense tutorial. Good luck.